Fina-finan siraran na ci gaba da jan hankalin masu bincike.Wannan labarin yana gabatar da bincike mai zurfi na yanzu da ƙarin zurfin bincike akan aikace-aikacen su, hanyoyin sakawa masu canzawa, da kuma amfani na gaba.
“Fim” wani lokaci ne na dangi na abu mai girma biyu (2D) wanda ya fi sirara fiye da siraran sa, ko an yi nufin ya rufe abin da ake so ko kuma a sanya shi a tsakanin filaye biyu.A aikace-aikacen masana'antu na yanzu, kaurin waɗannan siraran fina-finai yawanci jeri daga ƙananan nanometer (nm) ma'aunin atomic (watau <1 nm) zuwa micrometers da yawa (μm).Graphene mai Layer-Layer yana da kauri na atom ɗin carbon ɗaya (watau ~ 0.335 nm).
An yi amfani da fina-finai don yin ado da dalilai na hoto a zamanin da.A yau, an lulluɓe kayan alatu da kayan ado da siraran fina-finai na karafa masu daraja irin su tagulla, azurfa, zinariya da platinum.
Mafi yawan aikace-aikacen fina-finai shine kariyar jiki daga ɓarna, tasiri, tarkace, yashwa da abrasions.Lu'u-lu'u-kamar carbon (DLC) da yadudduka na MoSi2 ana amfani da su don kare injunan kera daga lalacewa da lalata yanayin zafi da ke haifar da gogayya tsakanin sassan motsi na inji.
Hakanan ana amfani da fina-finai na siraran don kare abubuwan da ke aiki daga muhalli, ko ya zama oxidation ko hydration saboda danshi.Fina-finan na garkuwa sun sami kulawa sosai a fagagen na'urorin semiconductor, masu raba fim ɗin dielectric, na'urorin lantarki na fim na bakin ciki, da tsoma baki na electromagnetic (EMI).Musamman ma, ƙarfe oxide filin tasirin transistor (MOSFETs) yana ƙunshe da fina-finan dielectric na sinadarai da tsayayyen yanayin zafi kamar SiO2, da ƙarin ƙarfe oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sun ƙunshi fina-finai na jan ƙarfe.
Na'urorin lantarki masu sirara-fim suna haɓaka rabon ƙarfin kuzari zuwa ƙarar supercapaccitors sau da yawa.Bugu da kari, karfe bakin ciki fina-finai da kuma a halin yanzu MXenes (transition karfe carbides, nitrides ko carbonitrides) perovskite yumbu bakin ciki fina-finai da ake amfani da ko'ina don kare lantarki sassa daga electromagnetic tsangwama.
A cikin PVD, abin da aka yi niyya yana turɓaya kuma an tura shi zuwa ɗakin datti mai ɗauke da ma'auni.Vapors sun fara sakawa a saman ƙasan ƙasan kawai saboda ƙanƙara.Tushen yana hana haɗuwa da ƙazanta da karo tsakanin ƙwayoyin tururi da ragowar ƙwayoyin iskar gas.
Rikicin da aka gabatar a cikin tururi, yanayin zafin jiki, yawan kwararar tururi, da latent zafin kayan da aka yi niyya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance daidaiton fim da lokacin sarrafawa.Hanyoyin evaporation sun haɗa da dumama mai juyi, dumama katako na lantarki da kuma, kwanan nan, epitaxy katako na kwayoyin halitta.
Rashin lahani na PVD na al'ada shine rashin iyawarta don vaporize kayan ma'aunin narkewar gaske da kuma sauye-sauyen tsarin da aka haifar a cikin kayan da aka ajiye saboda tsarin ƙayataccen iska.Magnetron sputtering ne na gaba tsara jibin jijjiga dabara na jiki da cewa warware wadannan matsaloli.A cikin sputtering magnetron, ana fitar da kwayoyin manufa (fasa) ta hanyar bama-bamai tare da ingantattun ions masu kuzari ta hanyar filin maganadisu da magnetron ke samarwa.
Fina-finai na bakin ciki sun mamaye wuri na musamman a cikin na'urorin lantarki na zamani, na gani, injina, photonic, thermal da na'urorin maganadisu har ma da kayan ado saboda juzu'insu, ƙanƙanta da kaddarorin aiki.PVD da CVD sune hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don samar da siraran fina-finai masu kauri daga ƴan nanometers zuwa ƴan micrometers.
Halin yanayin ƙarshe na fim ɗin da aka ajiye yana rinjayar aikinsa da ingancinsa.Koyaya, dabarun tattarawa na fim na bakin ciki suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike don yin hasashen ainihin kaddarorin fina-finai na bakin ciki dangane da abubuwan da ake samu na tsari, zaɓaɓɓun kayan da aka yi niyya, da kaddarorin da ke ƙasa.
Kasuwancin semiconductor na duniya ya shiga lokaci mai ban sha'awa.Bukatar fasahar guntu ta haifar da koma baya ga ci gaban masana'antar, kuma ana sa ran karancin guntu na yanzu zai ci gaba na wani lokaci.Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu suna iya tsara makomar masana'antar yayin da wannan ya ci gaba
Babban bambanci tsakanin graphene tushen batura da kuma m-state baturi ne abun da ke ciki na lantarki.Ko da yake cathodes suna sau da yawa gyare-gyare, ana iya amfani da allotropes na carbon don yin anodes.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana aiwatar da Intanet na Abubuwa cikin sauri a kusan dukkanin yankuna, amma yana da mahimmanci musamman a masana'antar motocin lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-23-2023