A cikin wannan binciken, mun bincika Cu/Ni nanoparticles da aka haɗa a cikin maɓuɓɓugan microcarbon yayin haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar RF sputtering da RF-PECVD, da kuma tasirin plasmon na yanki don gano iskar gas ta amfani da Cu/Ni nanoparticles.Ilimin ilmin halitta na barbashi.An yi nazarin ilimin halittar sararin samaniya ta hanyar yin nazarin 3D mai karfin atomic micrographs ta amfani da sarrafa hoto da fasahohin bincike na fractal/multifractal.An yi nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da software na MountainsMap® Premium tare da bincike na bambance-bambancen ta hanyoyi biyu (ANOVA) da ƙarancin gwajin bambanci.Tsarin nanostructures na saman yana da takamaiman rarraba na gida da na duniya.Gwajin gwaji da simintin Rutherford na baya-baya sun tabbatar da ingancin nanoparticles.Samfurin da aka shirya sabo da haka an fallasa su zuwa bututun carbon dioxide kuma an bincika amfani da su azaman firikwensin iskar gas ta hanyar amfani da yanayin resonance na plasmon.Bugu da ƙari na nickel Layer a saman Layer na jan karfe ya nuna sakamako mai ban sha'awa duka dangane da ilimin halittar jiki da gano gas.Haɗin ci-gaba na binciken sitiriyo na siraren fim ɗin saman saman fim tare da Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy da spectroscopic bincike na musamman ne a cikin wannan filin.
Gurbacewar iska cikin hanzari a cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, musamman saboda saurin bunkasuwar masana’antu, ya sa masu bincike su kara koyo game da muhimmancin gano iskar gas.Metal nanoparticles (NPs) an nuna su zama kayan ƙwaƙƙwara don na'urori masu auna iskar gas1,2,3,4 ko da idan aka kwatanta da fina-finai na ƙarfe na bakin ciki waɗanda ke da ikon haɓakar yanayin plasmon resonance (LSPR), wanda wani abu ne wanda ke haɓaka da ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na lantarki. filaye5,6,7,8.A matsayin ƙarfe mai arha, maras guba, kuma mai jujjuyawar canji, jan ƙarfe ana ɗaukarsa muhimmin abu daga masana kimiyya da masana'antu, musamman masana'antun firikwensin9.A daya hannun, nickel canji karfe karafa aiki mafi kyau fiye da sauran catalysts10.Shahararren aikace-aikacen Cu / Ni a nanoscale yana sa su zama mafi mahimmanci, musamman saboda abubuwan tsarin su ba sa canzawa bayan fusion11,12.
Duk da yake ƙarfe nanoparticles da musayansu tare da dielectric matsakaici nuna gagarumin canje-canje a cikin gida fili plasmon resonances, da su an yi amfani da su a matsayin ginin tubalan ga gas gano13.Lokacin da sha bakan canje-canje, wannan yana nufin cewa abubuwa uku na resonant raƙuman ruwa da / ko sha ganiya tsanani da / ko FWHM iya canza ta 1, 2, 3, 4. A nanostructured saman, wanda aka kai tsaye alaka da barbashi size, gida surface. resonance na plasmon a cikin nanoparticles, maimakon a cikin fina-finai na bakin ciki, wani abu ne mai tasiri don gano ƙwayar kwayoyin halitta14, kamar yadda kuma Ruiz et al ya nuna.ya nuna alakar da ke tsakanin tsattsauran ra'ayi da ingantaccen ganowa15.
Game da ganowar iskar gas na CO, an ba da rahoton wasu kayan haɗin gwiwa kamar AuCo3O416, Au-CuO17 da Au-YSZ18 a cikin wallafe-wallafe.Za mu iya tunanin zinari a matsayin ƙarfe mai daraja wanda aka haɗa da ƙarfe oxides don gano ƙwayoyin iskar gas da aka haɗa da sinadarai a saman abin da aka haɗa, amma babbar matsalar na'urori masu auna firikwensin shine yadda suke yi a dakin da zafin jiki, wanda ya sa ba za a iya samun su ba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an yi amfani da microscopy mai karfi na atomatik (AFM) a matsayin fasaha na ci gaba don nuna nau'in micromorphology mai girma uku a babban ƙuduri nanoscale19,20,21,22.Bugu da ƙari, sitiriyo, fractal / multifractal analysis23,24,25,26, ikon spectral density (PSD) 27 da Minkowski28 ayyuka sune kayan aikin fasaha na zamani don kwatanta yanayin saman fina-finai na bakin ciki.
A cikin wannan binciken, dangane da shayarwar yanayin yanayin plasmon (LSPR), an ajiye alamun acetylene (C2H2) Cu/Ni NP a yanayin zafin jiki don amfani azaman firikwensin CO gas.An yi amfani da Rutherford backscatter spectroscopy (RBS) don nazarin abun da ke ciki da ilimin halittar jiki daga hotunan AFM, kuma an sarrafa taswirar topographic 3D ta amfani da MountainsMap® Premium software don nazarin isotropy na surface da duk ƙarin sigogi na micromorphological na microtextures na saman.A gefe guda, an nuna sabon sakamakon kimiyya wanda za a iya amfani da shi ga tsarin masana'antu kuma yana da matukar sha'awar aikace-aikace don gano iskar gas (CO).Littattafan littattafai sun ba da rahoto a karo na farko da kira, halayyar da aikace-aikacen wannan nanoparticle.
An shirya fim na bakin ciki na Cu/Ni nanoparticles ta hanyar RF sputtering da RF-PECVD haɗin gwiwa tare da wutar lantarki na 13.56 MHz.Hanyar ta dogara ne akan na'urar reactor tare da na'urori biyu na kayan aiki da girma dabam.Karami shi ne karfe a matsayin lantarki mai kuzari, kuma mafi girma yana ƙasa ta cikin ɗakin bakin karfe a nesa na 5 cm daga juna.Sanya SiO 2 da maƙasudin Cu a cikin ɗakin, sannan ku kwashe ɗakin zuwa 103 N/m 2 a matsayin matsi na tushe a dakin da zafin jiki, shigar da iskar acetylene a cikin ɗakin, sa'an nan kuma matsa zuwa matsa lamba na yanayi.Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na amfani da iskar acetylene a cikin wannan matakin: na farko, yana aiki azaman iskar gas don samar da plasma, na biyu kuma, don shirye-shiryen nanoparticles a cikin adadin carbon.An aiwatar da tsarin ƙaddamarwa na 30 min a farkon matsin gas da ƙarfin RF na 3.5 N/m2 da 80 W, bi da bi.Sa'an nan karya injin da kuma canza manufa zuwa Ni.An sake maimaita tsarin ƙaddamarwa a matsa lamba na farko na gas da ƙarfin RF na 2.5 N/m2 da 150 W, bi da bi.A ƙarshe, jan ƙarfe da nanoparticles na nickel da aka ajiye a cikin yanayin acetylene suna samar da nanostructures na jan karfe/nickel.Dubi Table 1 don samfurin shiri da masu ganowa.
Hotunan 3D na samfuran da aka riga aka shirya an yi rikodin su a cikin yanki na 1 μm × 1 μm ta amfani da nanometer multimode atomic Force microscope (Instruments Digital, Santa Barbara, CA) a cikin yanayin mara lamba a saurin dubawa na 10-20 μm/min .Tare daAn yi amfani da software na MountainsMap® don aiwatar da taswirori na 3D na AFM.Dangane da ISO 25178-2: 2012 29,30,31, an tattara sigogi da yawa kuma an tattauna su, tsayi, ainihin, girma, hali, aiki, sarari da haɗuwa an ayyana su.
An kiyasta kauri da abun da ke tattare da sabbin samfuran da aka shirya akan tsari na MeV ta amfani da makamashi mai ƙarfi Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS).A game da binciken gas, an yi amfani da LSPR spectroscopy ta amfani da UV-Vis spectrometer a cikin kewayon tsayin daka daga 350 zuwa 850 nm, yayin da samfurin wakilci ya kasance a cikin rufaffiyar bakin karfe da aka rufe tare da diamita na 5.2 cm da tsawo na 13.8 cm. a cikin tsarki na 99.9 % CO gas kwarara kudi (bisa ga Arian Gas Co. IRSQ misali, 1.6 zuwa 16 l/h na 180 seconds da 600 seconds).An gudanar da wannan matakin a cikin zafin jiki, zafi na yanayi 19% da hurumin hayaki.
Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy a matsayin dabarar watsawar ion za a yi amfani da shi don nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da fina-finai na bakin ciki.Wannan hanya ta musamman tana ba da damar ƙididdigewa ba tare da amfani da mizanin tunani ba.Binciken RBS yana auna manyan kuzari (He2+ ions, watau alpha particles) akan tsari na MeV akan samfurin da He2+ ions da aka koma baya a wani kusurwar da aka ba.Lambar SIMNRA tana da amfani wajen tsara madaidaitan layukan da masu lanƙwasa, kuma wasiƙunsa zuwa ga gwajin gwaji na RBS yana nuna ingancin samfuran da aka shirya.Ana nuna nau'in RBS na samfurin Cu/Ni NP a cikin Hoto na 1, inda layin ja shine gwajin gwaji na RBS, kuma blue line shine simulation na shirin SIMNRA, ana iya ganin cewa layi biyu na da kyau suna da kyau. yarjejeniya.An yi amfani da fitilar abin da ya faru tare da makamashi na 1985 keV don gano abubuwan da ke cikin samfurin.Kauri na babba ya kai kusan 40 1E15Atom/cm2 dauke da 86% Ni, 0.10% O2, 0.02% C da 0.02% Fe.Fe yana da alaƙa da ƙazanta a cikin niyya Ni yayin sputtering.Ana iya ganin kololuwar ƙananan Cu da Ni a 1500 keV, bi da bi, da kololuwar C da O2 a 426 keV da 582 keV, bi da bi.Matakan Na, Si, da Fe sune 870 keV, 983 keV, 1340 keV, da 1823 keV, bi da bi.
Hotunan AFM na murabba'in 3D na saman fina-finai na Cu da Cu/Ni NP ana nuna su a cikin Figs.2. Bugu da kari, 2D topography da aka gabatar a cikin kowane adadi ya nuna cewa NPs da aka gani a kan fuskar fim coales sun zama mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar.Duk da haka, Cu NPs ɗinmu ba a yi girma ba, kuma samfurin da ke dauke da Cu kawai ya nuna wani wuri mai laushi mai laushi tare da mafi kyawun kololuwa fiye da rougher (Fig. 2a).Akasin haka, kololuwar buɗaɗɗen kan samfuran CuNi15 da CuNi20 suna da siffa mai kama da zahiri kuma mafi girma, kamar yadda aka nuna ta girman rabo a cikin siffa 2a da b.Canjin da aka bayyana a cikin ilimin halittar fim yana nuna cewa saman yana da sifofi daban-daban na sararin samaniya, waɗanda lokacin ƙaddamar da nickel ya shafa.
Hotunan AFM na Cu (a), CuNi15 (b), da CuNi20 (c) finafinan bakin ciki.Madaidaitan taswirorin 2D, rarrabuwar ɗagawa da Abbott Firestone masu lankwasa suna cikin kowane hoto.
Matsakaicin girman hatsi na nanoparticles an ƙiyasta shi daga diamita rarraba histogram da aka samu ta hanyar auna nanoparticles 100 ta amfani da daidaitaccen Gaussian kamar yadda aka nuna a FIG.Ana iya ganin cewa Cu da CuNi15 suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin girman hatsi (27.7 da 28.8 nm), yayin da CuNi20 yana da ƙananan hatsi (23.2 nm), wanda ke kusa da ƙimar da Godselahi et al ya ruwaito.34 (kimanin 24 nm).A cikin tsarin bimetallic, kololuwar yanayin resonance na plasmon na gida na iya canzawa tare da canji a girman hatsi35.Dangane da wannan, zamu iya yanke shawarar cewa dogon lokacin ajiya na Ni yana shafar kaddarorin plasmonic na Fina-finan Cu/Ni na tsarin mu.
Rarraba girman barbashi na (a) Cu, (b) CuNi15, da (c) fina-finan bakin ciki na CuNi20 da aka samu daga saman saman AFM.
Jumla ilimin halittar jiki kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin daidaitawar sararin samaniya na sifofin topographic a cikin fina-finai na bakin ciki.Table 2 ya lissafa ma'auni na tushen tsayin da aka haɗa da taswirar AFM, wanda za'a iya kwatanta shi ta hanyar ƙimar lokaci na ma'ana (Sa), skewness (Ssk), da kurtosis (Sku).Ma'aunin Sa shine 1.12 (Cu), 3.17 (CuNi15) da 5.34 nm (CuNi20), bi da bi, yana mai tabbatar da cewa fina-finai sun yi zafi tare da haɓaka lokacin sanya Ni.Wadannan dabi'u sun yi daidai da waɗanda Arman et al.33 (1-4 nm) suka ruwaito a baya, Godselahi et al.34 (1-1.05 nm) da Zelu et al.36 (1.91-6.32 nm), inda irin wannan an yi ta ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don saka fina-finai na Cu/Ni NPs.Koyaya, Ghosh et al.37 sun ajiye Cu/Ni multilayers ta hanyar electrodeposition kuma sun ba da rahoton mafi girman ƙimar ƙima, a fili a cikin kewayon 13.8 zuwa 36 nm.Ya kamata a lura da cewa bambance-bambance a cikin motsin motsi na sararin samaniya ta hanyoyi daban-daban na iya haifar da samuwar saman tare da nau'o'in sararin samaniya daban-daban.Duk da haka, ana iya ganin cewa hanyar RF-PECVD tana da tasiri don samun fina-finai na Cu/Ni NPs tare da ƙarancin da bai wuce 6.32 nm ba.
Dangane da bayanin martabar tsayi, lokuttan ƙididdiga masu girma na Ssk da Sku suna da alaƙa da asymmetry da daidaitaccen rarraba tsayi, bi da bi.Duk ƙimar Ssk suna da kyau (Ssk> 0), yana nuna tsayin dama dama38, wanda za'a iya tabbatar da shi ta hanyar girman girman girman girman 2. Bugu da ƙari, duk bayanan martaba sun mamaye mafi girman 39 (Sku> 3) , Yana nuna cewa lanƙwasa Rarraba tsayin daka ba shi da ƙasa da lebur fiye da madaidaicin kararrawa na Gaussian.Layin ja a cikin filin rarraba tsawo shine Abbott-Firestone 40, hanya mai dacewa ta ƙididdiga don kimanta rarraba bayanai na yau da kullun.Ana samun wannan layin daga jimlar jimlar sama da tsayin tarihin tarihi, inda mafi girman kololuwa da tudun ruwa ke da alaƙa da mafi ƙarancinsu (0%) da matsakaicin (100%).Waɗannan layukan Abbott-Firestone suna da siffa mai santsi S-siffa akan y-axis kuma a duk lokuta suna nuna haɓakar haɓakar adadin abubuwan da aka ketare akan yankin da aka rufe, farawa daga mafi ƙanƙara kuma mafi tsananin tsayi.Wannan yana tabbatar da tsarin sararin samaniya, wanda aka fi shafar lokacin ƙaddamar da nickel.
Shafin 3 ya lissafa takamaiman sigogin ilimin halittar jiki na ISO da ke hade da kowane saman da aka samu daga hotunan AFM.Sanannen abu ne cewa yanki zuwa rabon abu (Smr) da yanki mai ƙima zuwa rabon abu (Smc) sigogin aikin saman ne29.Misali, sakamakon mu ya nuna cewa yankin da ke sama da tsakiyar jirgin saman saman ya cika kololuwa a duk fina-finai (Smr = 100%).Koyaya, ana samun ƙimar Smr daga tsayi daban-daban na ƙimar yanki na yanki41, tunda an san siginar Smc.Halin Smc yana bayyana ta hanyar haɓakar rashin ƙarfi daga Cu → CuNi20, inda za a iya ganin cewa mafi girman ƙimar da aka samu na CuNi20 yana ba da Smc ~ 13 nm, yayin da darajar Cu ta kusan 8 nm.
Haɗa sigogin RMS gradient (Sdq) da haɓaka yanki mai haɓaka (Sdr) sigogi ne masu alaƙa da laushin rubutu da rikitarwa.Daga Cu → CuNi20, ƙimar Sdq sun bambanta daga 7 zuwa 21, yana nuna cewa rashin daidaituwa a cikin fina-finai yana ƙaruwa lokacin da aka ajiye Layer Ni na mintuna 20.Ya kamata a lura cewa saman CuNi20 bai kai na Cu.Bugu da ƙari, an gano cewa ƙimar siga Sdr, wanda ke da alaƙa da sarkar microtexture na saman, yana ƙaruwa daga Cu → CuNi20.Bisa ga binciken da Kamble et al.42 ya yi, ƙaddamar da ƙananan microtexture yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara Sdr, yana nuna cewa CuNi20 (Sdr = 945%) yana da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta idan aka kwatanta da Cu fina-finai (Sdr = 229%)..A gaskiya ma, canji a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan rubutun yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rarrabawa da siffar ƙananan kololuwa, wanda za'a iya lura da shi daga sifofin halayen kololuwar ƙima (Spd) da kuma ma'anar ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga (Spc).Dangane da wannan, Spd yana ƙaruwa daga Cu → CuNi20, yana nuna cewa kololuwar an tsara su sosai tare da ƙara kauri na Ni.Bugu da ƙari, Spc kuma yana ƙaruwa daga Cu→CuNi20, yana nuna cewa girman siffar saman samfurin Cu ya fi zagaye (Spc = 612), yayin da na CuNi20 ya fi kaifi (Spc = 925).
Mummunan bayanin martaba na kowane fim kuma yana nuna nau'ikan sifofi daban-daban a cikin kololuwa, cibiya, da yankuna na saman.Tsayin cibiya (Sk), raguwar kololuwa (Spk) (sama da ainihin), da trough (Svk) (a ƙasa da ainihin) 31,43 sigogi ne waɗanda aka auna daidai da saman jirgin sama30 kuma suna ƙaruwa daga Cu → CuNi20 saboda Ƙarƙashin ƙasa Ƙaruwa mai girma.Hakazalika, kayan kololuwa (Vmp), core material (Vmc), trough void (Vvv), da core void volume (Vvc)31 suna nuna yanayin iri ɗaya kamar yadda duk ƙimar ke ƙaruwa daga Cu → CuNi20.Wannan hali yana nuna cewa saman CuNi20 na iya ɗaukar ruwa fiye da sauran samfurori, wanda yake da kyau, yana nuna cewa wannan saman ya fi sauƙi don smear44.Sabili da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa yayin da kauri daga cikin nickel Layer ya karu daga CuNi15 → CuNi20, canje-canje a cikin bayanan martaba na baya bayan canje-canje a cikin sigogi mafi girma na kwayoyin halitta, yana rinjayar microtexture na surface da yanayin sararin samaniya na fim din.
An sami ƙima mai ƙima na ƙananan yanayin fim ɗin ta hanyar gina taswirar saman AFM ta amfani da software na MountainsMap45 na kasuwanci.Ana nuna ma'anar a cikin Hoto na 4, wanda ke nuna tsagi na wakilci da filin igiya dangane da saman.Tebur na 4 ya lissafa ramin da zaɓuɓɓukan sarari.Hotunan tsagi sun nuna cewa samfurin yana mamaye tsarin irin wannan tashoshi tare da bayyananniyar yanayin tsagi.Koyaya, ma'auni na duka zurfin tsagi (MDF) da matsakaicin zurfin tsagi (MDEF) sun ƙaru daga Cu zuwa CuNi20, yana mai tabbatar da abubuwan da suka faru a baya game da yuwuwar yuwuwar yuwuwar CuNi20.Ya kamata a lura cewa samfurorin Cu (Fig. 4a) da CuNi15 (Fig. 4b) samfurori suna da ma'auni masu launi iri ɗaya, wanda ke nuna cewa microtexture na fuskar fim din Cu bai sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci ba bayan an ajiye fim din Ni don 15. min.Sabanin haka, samfurin CuNi20 (Fig. 4c) yana nuna wrinkles tare da ma'auni daban-daban, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙimar MDF da MDEF mafi girma.
Tsagi da isotropy na sararin samaniya na microtextures na Cu (a), CuNi15 (b), da CuNi20 (c) fina-finai.
Zane na iyakacin duniya a cikin fig.4 kuma ya nuna cewa saman microtexture ya bambanta.Abin lura ne cewa jigon wani Layer na Ni yana canza fasalin sararin samaniya sosai.Ƙididdigar microtextural isotropy na samfuran shine 48% (Cu), 80% (CuNi15), da 81% (CuNi20).Ana iya ganin cewa ƙaddamar da Layer na Ni yana taimakawa wajen samar da microtexture mafi isotropic, yayin da fim din Cu guda ɗaya yana da ƙarin microtexture na anisotropic.Bugu da kari, manyan mitocin sararin samaniya na CuNi15 da CuNi20 sun yi ƙasa da ƙasa saboda manyan tsayin su na autocorrelation (Sal) 44 idan aka kwatanta da samfuran Cu.Hakanan ana haɗe wannan tare da daidaitattun nau'ikan hatsi waɗanda waɗannan samfuran suka nuna (Std = 2.5 ° da Std = 3.5 °), yayin da aka yi rikodin ƙima mai girma don samfurin Cu (Std = 121 °).Dangane da waɗannan sakamakon, duk fina-finai suna nuna bambance-bambancen sararin samaniya na dogon lokaci saboda nau'in halitta daban-daban, bayanan martaba, da rashin ƙarfi.Don haka, waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa lokacin ƙaddamar da Layer Ni yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samuwar CuNi bimetallic sputtered saman.
Don nazarin halin LSPR na Cu / Ni NPs a cikin iska a cikin dakin da zafin jiki da kuma daban-daban CO gas fluxes, UV-Vis sha spectra an yi amfani da a cikin zangon tsayin 350-800 nm, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5 don CuNi15 da CuNi20.Ta hanyar gabatar da nau'ikan yawan iskar gas na CO daban-daban, ƙimar LSPR CuNi15 mai tasiri zai zama mafi girma, sha zai zama mai ƙarfi, kuma mafi girman zai canza (redshift) zuwa mafi tsayin raƙuman ruwa, daga 597.5 nm a cikin iska zuwa 16 L / h 606.0 nm.Gudun CO na 180 seconds, 606.5 nm, CO kwarara 16 l/h na 600 seconds.A gefe guda, CuNi20 yana nuna hali daban-daban, don haka karuwa a cikin CO gas yana haifar da raguwa a cikin matsayi mafi tsayi na LSPR (blueshift) daga 600.0 nm a cikin iska zuwa 589.5 nm a 16 l / h CO kwarara don 180 s. .16 l/h CO kwarara na 600 seconds a 589.1 nm.Kamar yadda yake tare da CuNi15, zamu iya ganin kololuwa mafi fa'ida da ƙara ƙarfin sha don CuNi20.Ana iya kiyasin cewa tare da karuwar kauri na Layer Ni akan Cu, haka kuma tare da karuwa da girma da adadin nanoparticles CuNi20 maimakon CuNi15, Cu da Ni barbashi suna kusanci juna, girman oscillations na lantarki yana ƙaruwa. , kuma, saboda haka, mitar yana ƙaruwa.wanda ke nufin: tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa yana raguwa, canjin shuɗi yana faruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-16-2023